What Are Frost Cracks and Sunscald?
Winter can be a challenging season for trees in Omaha, particularly because of our fluctuating temperatures mixed with some harsh sunlight. Two common issues homeowners may notice during colder months are frost cracks and sunscald. Understanding these conditions can help you take steps to protect your trees and maintain their health year-round.
WHAT ARE FROST CRACKS?
Frost cracks are vertical splits that occur in the bark of a tree, typically on the south or southwest side. They result from rapid temperature changes in winter. During sunny winter days, the bark heats up and expands. As temperatures drop quickly at night, the bark contracts, often faster than the wood underneath, causing it to split.
Common Trees Affected:
Maple
Oak
Beech
Sycamore
Signs of Frost Cracks:
Long, narrow vertical splits in the bark
Loud cracking sounds during cold nights
Repeated cracking in the same location year after year
These splits can leave the tree vulnerable to pests and diseases.
WHAT is sunscald?
Sunscald, sometimes called “southwest injury,” occurs when the bark of a tree is exposed to intense sunlight during the winter. The heat stimulates cellular activity in the bark. When temperatures drop suddenly, this activity stops, causing the bark to freeze and die in patches.
Common Trees Affected:
Young or thin-barked species like ash, maple, and birch
Recently planted trees
Fruit trees
Signs of Sunscald:
Discolored or peeling bark
Sunken, damaged areas on the trunk
Bark that splits or falls away
Sunscald damage can weaken the tree, making it more susceptible to infections and decay.
How to Prevent Frost Cracks and Sunscald
Use Tree Wraps. Wrap the trunks of young or vulnerable trees with a light-colored, breathable tree wrap. Start at the base and work upward to the first branches. This helps reflect sunlight and insulate the bark.
Apply Mulch. Add a layer of mulch around the base of your trees (but not against the trunk) to regulate soil temperature and retain moisture.
Maintain Tree Health. Healthy trees are better equipped to recover from winter damage. Water your trees during dry winter periods, and consider pruning to remove weak or damaged branches.
Inspect Regularly. Keep an eye on your trees throughout the winter. Early detection of frost cracks or sunscald can help you take action to minimize further damage.
Need Help Protecting Your Trees?
At American Arborist, we understand the challenges your trees face during the winter months. Our team of licensed plant health care professionals can assess your property and recommend strategies to safeguard your landscape from frost cracks, sunscald, and other seasonal stressors.
Contact us today to schedule a consultation and keep your trees healthy all year long! By taking proactive steps this winter, you can ensure your trees emerge strong and healthy come spring. Frost cracks and sunscald may sound intimidating, but with the right care, your trees can weather the cold beautifully. 🌳